Národní shromáždění československé / Poslanecká sněmovna1920 – 1925

SECTION I.

GENERAL.

a) The nationality mark shall be represented by capital letters in Roman characters, e. g.,

France……………………………F.

The registration mark shall be represented by a group of four capital letters; each group shall contain at least one vowel, and for this purpose the letter Y shall be considered as a vowel. The complete group of five letters shall be used as a call sign of the particular aircraft in making or receiving signals by wireless telegraphy or other methods of communication, except when opening up communication by means of visual signals, when the usual methods will be employed. The nationality and registration marks are assigned in accordance with the table contained in section VIII of this Annex.

b) On aircraft other than State and commercial, the registration mark shall be underlined with a black line.

c) The entry in the register and the certificate of registration shall contain a description of the air craft and shall indicate the number or other identification mark given to it by the maker; the nationality and registration marks mentioned above; the usual station of the aircraft; the full name, nationality and residence of the owner and the date of registration.

d) All aircraft shall carry affixed to the car or to the fuselage in a prominent position a metal plate, inscribed with the names and residence of the owner and the marks of nationality and registration.

CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION.

(Provisional form.)

Nationality…………………………

Nationality mark…………………………

Registration marks…………………………

Date of registration…………………………

Type of aircraft

Tourist…………………………

Commercial…………………………

State…………………………………

Maker………………………………

Makers Number……………………………

Description…………………………

Owners full name…………………………

Owners residence…………………………

Owners nationality…………………………

Station of the aircraft…………………………

Signature and seal of authority issuing this certificate…………………………

SECTION II.

LOCATION OF MARKS.

The nationality and registration marks shall be painted in black on a white ground in the following manner:

(a) Flying Machines. - The marks shall be painted once on the lower surface of the lower main planes and once on the upper surface of the top main planes, the top of the letters to be towards the leading edge. They shall also be painted along each side of the fuselage between the main planes. and the tail planes. In cases where the machine is not provided with a fuselage the marks shall be painted on the nacelle.

(b) Airships and Balloons. - In the case of airships the marks shall be painted near the maximum cross section on both sides and on the upper surface equidistant from the letters on the sides.

In the case of balloons the marks shall be painted twice near the maximum horizontal circumference, as far as possible from one another.

In the case both of airships and balloons the side marks shall be visible both from the sides and ground.

SECTION III.

ADDITIONAL LOCATION OF NATIONALITY MARKS.

(a) Flying Machines and Airships. - The nationality mark shall also be painted on the left and right sides of the lower surface of the lowest tail planes or elevators and also on the upper surface of the top tail planes or elevators, whichever is the larger. It shall also be painted on both sides of the rudder, or on the outer sides of the outer rudders if more than one rudder is fitted.

(b) Balloons. - The nationality mark shall be painted on the basket.

SECTION IV.

MEASUREMENTS OF NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS.

(a) Flying Machines. - The height of the marks on the main planes and tail planes respectively shall be equal to four-fifths of the chord, and in the case of the rudder shall be as large as possible. The height of the marks on the fuselage or nacelle shall be four-fifths of the depth of the narrowest part of that portion of the fuselage or nacelle on which the mark are painted.

(b) Airships and Balloons. - In the case of airships, the nationality marks painted on the tail plane shall be equal in height to four-fifths of the chord of the tail plane and in the case of the rudder the marks shall be as large as possible. The height of the other marks shall be equal to at least one-twelfth of the circumference at the maximum transverse cross section of the airship.

In the case of balloons the height of the not. Tonality mark shall be four-fifths of the height of the basket, and the height of the other marks shall be equal to at least one-twelfth of the circumference of the balloon.

(c) General. - In the case of all aircraft the letters of the nationality and registration marks need not exceed 2.5 metres in height.

SECTION V.

MEASUREMENT, TYPE OF LETTERS, ETC.

(a) The width of the letters shall be two-thirds of their height and the thickness shall be one-sixth of their height. The letters shall be painted in plain block type and shall be uniform in shape and size. A space equal to half the width of the letters shall be left between the letters.

(b) In the case of underlined letters the thickness of the line shall be equal to the thickness of the letter and the space between the bottom of the letters and the line shall be equal to the thickness of the line.

SECTION VI.

SPACING BETWEEN NATIONALITY AND REGISTRATION MARKS.

Where the nationality and registration marks appear together, a hyphen of the length equal to the width of one of the letters shall be painted between the nationality mark and registration mark.

SECTION VII.

MAINTENANCE.

The nationality and registration marks shall be displayed to the best possible advantage, taking into consideration the constructional features of the aircraft. The marks must be kept clean and visible.

SECTION VIII.

TABLE OF MARKS.

The nationality mark of each State named below applies to the aircraft of its Dominions, Colonies, Protectorates, dependencies or of countries over which it is the Mandatory State.

ANNEX B.

CERTIFICATES OF AIRWORTHINESS.

The following main conditions govern the issue of certificates of airworthiness:

1. The design of the aircraft in regard to safety shall conform to certain standard minimum requirements.

2. A satisfactory demonstration must be made in flying trials of the actual flying qualities of the type of aircraft examined, provided that machines subsequently manufactured which conform to the approved type need not be subject to such trials. The trials shall conform to certain standard minimum requirements.

3. The construction of every aircraft with regard to workmanship and materials must be approved. The control of the construction and of the tests shall be in accordance with certain standard minimum requirements.

4. The aircraft must be equipped with suitable instruments for safe navigation.

5. The standard minimum requirements of paragraphs 1 to 3 inclusive shall be fixed by the International Commission for Air Navigation. Until they have been so fixed each contracting State shall determine the regulations under which certificates of airworthiness shall be granted or remain valid.

ANNEX C.

LOG BOOKS.

SECTION I.

JOURNEY LOG.

This shall be kept for all aircraft and shall contain the following particulars:

a) Category to which the aircraft belongs; its nationality and registration marks; the full name, nationality and residence of the owner; name of maker and the carrying capacity of the air craft.

b) In addition for each journey.

i) The names, nationality and residence of each of the members of the crew.

ii) The place, date, and hour of departure, the route followed, and all incidents en route including landings.

SECTION II.

AIRCRAFT LOG.

This is obligatory only in the case of aircraft carrying passengers or goods for hire, and shall contain the following particulars;

a) Category to which the aircraft belongs; its nationality and registration marks; the full name, nationality and residence of the owner; name of maker and the carrying capacity of the aircraft.

b) Type and series number of engine; type of propeller showing number, pitch, diameter and makers name.

c) Type of wireless apparatus fitted.

d) Table showing the necessary rigging data for the information of persons in charge of the aircraft and of its maintenance.

e) A fully detailed engineering record of the life of the aircraft, including all acceptance tests, overhauls, replacements, repairs and all work of a like nature.

SECTION III.

ENGINE LOG.

This is obligatory only in the case of engines installed in aircraft carrying passengers or goods for hire, and in such cases a separate log book shall be kept for each engine and shall always accompany the engine. It shall contain the following particulars:

a) Type of engine, series number, makers name, power, normal maximum revolutions of engine, date of production and first date put into service.

b) Registration mark and type of aircraft in which the engine has been installed.

c) A fully detailed engineering record of the life of the engine, including all acceptance tests, hours run, overhauls, replacements, repairs, and all work of a like nature.

IV.

SIGNAL LOG.

This is obligatory only in the case of aircraft carrying passengers or goods for hire, and shall contain the following particulars:

a) Category to which the aircraft belongs; its nationality and registration marks; the full name, nationality and residence of the owner.

b) Place, date, and time of the transmission or reception of any signal.

c) Name or other indication of the person or station to whom a signal is sent or from whom a signal is received.

V.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF LOG BOOKS.

a) The constructor shall fill in and sign the original entries in the log books, as far as he is in a position to do so. Subsequent entries shall be made and signed by the pilot or other competent person.

b) A copy of the certificate of airworthiness shall be kept in the packet of the aircraft log book.

c) All entries to be in ink, except in the case of journey and signal log books; the entries for these may be made in pencil in a rough note book, but shall be entered in ink in the log book every 24 hours. In the event of any official investigation the rough note book may be called for.

d) No erasures shall be made in, nor pages torn from, any log book.

e) A copy of these instructions shall be inserted in each log book.

ANNEX D.

RULES AS TO LIGHTS AND SIGNALS.

RULES OF THE AIR.

DEFINITIONS.

The word "aircraft" comprises all balloons, whether fixed free, kites, airships, and flying machines.

The word "balloon", either fixed or free, shall mean an aircraft using gas lighter than air as a means of support, and having no means of propulsion.

The word "airship" shall mean an aircraft using gas lighter than air as a means of support, and having means of propulsion.

The word "flying machine" shall mean all aeroplanes, seaplanes, flying boats, or other aircraft heavier than air, and having means of propulsion.

An airship is deemed to be "under way" within the meaning of these rules when it is not made fast to the ground or any object on land or water.

SECTION I.

RULES AS TO LIGHTS.

The word "visible" in these rules when applied to lights shall mean visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere. The angular limits laid down in these rules as shown in the sketch (attached) shall be determined when the aircraft is in its normal attitude for flying on a rectilinear horizontal course.

1. The rules concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise, and during such time no other lights which may be mistaken for the prescribed lights shall be exhibited. The prescribed navigation lights must not be dazzling.

2. A flying machine, when in the air or manoeuvring on land or water under its own power, shall carry the following lights:

a) Forward, a white light visible in a dihedral angle of 220 degrees bisected by a vertical plane trough the line of flight, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 8 kilometres.

b) On the right side, a green light so constructed and fixed as to show an unbroken light between two vertical planes whose dihedral angle is 110 degrees when measured to the right from dead ahead, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 kilometres.

c) On the left side, a red light so constructed and fixed as to show an unbroken light between two vertical planes whose dihedral angle is 110 degrees when measured to the left from dead ahead, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 kilometres.

d) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted so that the green light shall not be seen from the left side nor the light from the right side.

e) At the rear, and as far aft as possible, a white light shining rearwards and visible in a dihedral of 140 degrees bisected by a vertical plane through the line of flight and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 kilometres.

f) In the case where, in order to fulfil the above conditions, the single light has to be replaced by several lights, the field of visibility of each of these lights should be so limited that only one can be seen at a time.

3. The Rules determined for the lighting of flying machines shall apply to airships subject to the following modifications

a) All lights shall be doubled; the forward and aft lights vertically, and the side lights horizontally in a fore and aft direction.

b) Both lights of each pair forward and aft shall be visible at the same time.

The distance between the lights comprising a pair shall not be less than 2 metres.

4. An airship, when being towed, shall carry the lights specified in paragraph 3, and, in addition, those specified in paragraph 6 for airships not under control.

5. a) A flying machine, or airship, when on the surface of the water, and when not under control, that is to say, not able to manoeuvre as required by the Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea, shall carry two red lights not less than two metres apart one over the other, and of such a character as to be visible all around the horizon at a distance of at least three kilometres.

b) The aircraft referred to in this paragraph, when not making way through the water, shall not carry the side lights, but when making way shall carry them.

6. An airship which from any cause is not under control, or which has voluntarily stopped her engines shall, in addition to the other specified lights, display conspicuously two red lights, one over the other, not less than metres apart, and constructed to show a light in all directions, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 kilometres.

By day an airship, when being towed, which from any cause is not under control, shall display conspicuously two black balls or shapes, each 60 cms in diameter, placed one over the other not less than 2 metres apart. An airship moored, or under way but having voluntarily stopped its engines, shall display conspicuously by day a black ball or shape, 60 cms. in diameter, and shall be treated by other aircraft as being not under control.

7. A free balloon shall carry one bright white light below the car at a distance of not less than 5 metres, and so constructed as to show an unbroken light in all directions, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 3 kilometres.

8. A fixed balloon shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in paragraph 7, and in lieu of that light, three lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 2 metres apart. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red, and the middle light shall be white, and they shall be of such a character as to be visible in all directions at a distance of at least 3 kilometres.

In addition, the mooring cable shall have attached to it at intervals of 300 metres, measured from the basket, groups of three lights similar to those mentioned in the preceding paragraph. In addition, the object to which the balloon is moored on the ground shall have a similar group of lights to mark its position. By day the mooring cable shall carry the same position as the groups of lights mentioned in the preceding paragraph, and in lieu thereof, tabular streamers not less than 20 cm. in diameter and 2 metres long, and marked with alternate bands of white and red, 50 cm. in width.

9. An airship when moored near the ground shall carry the lights specified in paragraphs 2 (a) and (e) and 3.

In addition, if moored but not near the ground, the airship, the mooring cable, and the object to which moored, shall be marked in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 8, whether by day or by night.

Sea anchors or drogues used by airships for mooring purposes at sea are exempt from this regulation.

10. A flying machine stationary upon the land or water but not anchored or moored shall carry the lights specified in paragraph 2. 11. In order to prevent collisions with surface craft:

a) A flying machine when at anchor or moored on the water shall carry forward, where it can best be seen, a white light, so constructed as to show an unbroken light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 2 kilometres.

b) A flying machine of 50 metres or up, wards in length, when at anchor or moored on the water, shall in the forward part of the flying machine carry one such light, and at or near the stern of the flying machine, and at a height that it shall not be less than 5 metres lower than the forward light, another such light.

The length of a flying machine shall be deemed to be the overall length.

c) Flying machines of 50 metres or upwards in span, when at anchor or moored in the water, shall in addition carry at each lower wing tip one light as specified in (a) of this paragraph.

The span of a flying machine shall be, deemed to be the maximum lateral dimension. 12. In the event of the failure of any of the lights specified under these rules to be carried by aircraft flying at night, such aircraft shall land at the first reasonably safe opportunity. 13. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by any State with respect to the additional station or signal lights for two or more military aircraft, or for aircraft in formation, or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by owners of aircraft which have been authorised by their respective Governments and duly registered and published.

II.

RULES AS TO SIGNALS.

14. a) Aircraft wishing to land at night on aerodromes having a ground control shall before landing:

Fire a green Very's light or flash a green lamp, and in addition shall make by international Morse code the letter-group forming its call-sign.

b) Permission to land will be given by the repetition of the same call-sign from the ground, followed by:

A green Very's light or flashing a green lamp.

15. The firing of a red Very's light or the r display of a red flare from the ground shall be taken as an instruction that aircraft are not to land.

16. An aircraft compelled to land at night shall before landing fire a red Very's light or make a series of short flashes with the navigation lights.

17. When an aircraft is in distress and requires assistance, the following shall be the signals to be used or displayed, either together or separately

a) The international signal SOS, by means of visual or wireless signals.

b) The international code flag signal of distress, indicated by NC.

c) The distant signal, consisting of a square flag having either above or below it a ball, or anything resembling a ball.

d) A continuous sounding with any sound apparatus.

e) A signal, consisting of a succession of white Very's lights fired at short intervals.

18. To warn an aircraft that it is in the vicinity of a prohibited zone and should change its course, the following signals shall be used:

a) By day: three discharges, at intervals of ten seconds, of a projectile showing on bursting white smoke, the location of the burst indicating the direction the aircraft should follow.

b) By night: three discharges, at intervals of ten seconds, of a projectile showing on bursting white stars, the location of the burst indicating the direction the aircraft should follow.

19. To require an aircraft to land, the following signals shall be used:

a) By day: three discharges, at intervals of ten seconds, of a projectile showing on bursting black or yellow smoke.

b) By night: three discharges, at intervals of ten seconds, of a projectile showing on bursting red stars or lights.

In addition, when necessary to prevent the landing of aircraft other than the one ordered, a searchlight which shall be flashed intermittently shall be directed towards the aircraft whose landing is required.

20. (a) In the event of fog or mist rendering aerodromes invisible, their presence may be indicated by a balloon acting as, an aerial buoy and or other approved means.

b) In fog, mist, falling snow or heavy rainstorm, whether by day or night, an aircraft on the water shall make the following sounds signals with a sound apparatus:

1. If not anchored or moored, a sound at intervals of not more than two minutes, consisting of two blasts of about five seconds duration with an interval of about one second between them;

2. If at anchor or moored, the rapid ringing of an efficient bell or bong for about five seconds, at intervals of not more than one minute.

SECTION III.

RULES OF THE AIR.

21. Flying machines shall always give way to balloons fixed or free and to airships. Airships shall always give way to balloons, whether fixed or free.

22. An airship when not under its own control shall be classed as a free balloon.

23. Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing and angle of elevation of an approaching aircraft. If neither the bearing nor the angle of elevation appreciably change, such risk shall be deemed to exist.

24. The term "risk of collision" shall include risk of injury due to undue proximity of other aircraft. Every aircraft that is required by these rules to give way to another to avoid collision, shall keep a safe distance, having regard to the circumstances of the case.

25. While observing the rules regarding risk of collision contained in paragraph 24, a motor-driven aircraft must always manoeuvre according to the rules contained in the following paragraphs, as soon as it is apparent that, if it pursued its course, it would pass at a distance of less than 200 metres from any part of another aircraft.

26. When two motor-driven aircraft are meeting end on or nearly end on each shall alter its course to the right.

27. When two motor-driven aircraft are on courses which cross, the aircraft which has the other on its own right side shall keep out of the way of the other.

28. An aircraft overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaken aircraft by altering its own course to the right, and must not pass by diving.

Every aircraft coming up with another aircraft from any direction more than? 10 degrees from ahead of the latter, i. e., in such a position with reference to the aircraft which it is overtaking that at night it would be unable to see either of that aircraft's side lights, shall be deemed to be an overtaking aircraft, and no subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two aircraft shall make the overtaking aircraft a crossing aircraft within the meaning of these rules, or relieve it of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken aircraft until it is finally past and clear.

As by day the overtaking aircraft cannot always know with certainty whether it is forward or abaft the direction mentioned above from the other aircraft, it should, if in doubt, assume that it is an overtaking aircraft and keep out of the way.

29. Where by any of these rules one of the two aircraft is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep its course and speed. When, in consequence of thick weather or other causes, the aircraft having the right of way finds itself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the giving-way aircraft alone, it shall take such action as will best aid to avert collision.

30. Every aircraft which is directed by these rules to keep out of the way of another aircraft shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.

31. In following an officially recognised air route every aircraft, when it is safe and practicable, shall keep to the right side of such route.

32. All aircraft on land or sea about to ascend shall not attempt to "take off" until there is no risk of collision with alighting aircraft.

33. Every aircraft in a cloud, fog, mist or other conditions of bad visibility shall proceed with caution, having careful regard to the existing circumstances and conditions.

34. In obeying and construing these rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances. which may render a departure from the above rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.

SECTION IV.

BALLAST.

35. The dropping of ballast other than fine sand or water from aircraft in the air is prohibited.

SECTION V.

RULES FOR AIR TRAFFIC ON AND THE VICINITY OF AERODROMES.

36. At every aerodrome there shall be a flag hoisted in a prominent position which shall indicate that if an aircraft about to land or leave finds it necessary to make a circuit, or partial circuit, such circuit shall be left-handed (anti-clockwise) or right-handed (clockwise), according to the colour of the flag. A white flag shall indicate a right-handed circuit, i. e., that the flag is kept to the right side or side which carries the green light of the aircraft, and a red flag shall indicate a left-handed circuit, i. e., that the red flag is kept to the left side or side which carries the red light of the aircraft.

37. When an aeroplane starts from an aerodrome it shall not turn until 500 metres distance from the nearest point of the aerodrome, and the turning then must conform with the regulations provided in the preceding paragraph.

38. All aeroplanes flying between 500 and 1.000 metres distance from the nearest point of an aerodrome shall conform to the above mentioned circuit law, unless such aeroplanes are flying at a greater height than 2.000 metres.

39. Acrobatic landings are prohibited at aerodromes of contracting States used for international aerial traffic. Aircraft are prohibited from engaging in aerial acrobatics within distance of at least 2.000 metres from the nearest point of such aerodromes.

40. At every recognised aerodrome the direction of the wind shall be clearly indicated by one or more of the recognised methods, e. g., landing T, conical streamer, smudge fire, & c.

41. Every aeroplane when taking off or alighting on a recognised aerodrome used for international air traffic shall do so up-wind, except when the natural conditions of the aerodrome do not permit.

42. In the case of aeroplanes approaching aerodromes for the purpose of landing, the aeroplanes flying at the greater height shall be responsible for avoiding the aeroplane at the lower height, and shall as regards landing observe the rules of paragraph 28 for passing.

43. Aeroplanes showing signals of distress shall be given free way in attempting to make a landing on an aerodrome.

44. Every aerodrome shall be considered to consist of three zones when looking upwind. The right-hand zone shall be the taking-off zone, and the left-hand shall be the landing zone. Between these there shall be a neutral zone. An aeroplane when landing should attempt to land as near as possible to the neutral zone, but in any case on the left of any aeroplanes which have already landed. After slowing up or coming to a stop at the end of its landing run, an aeroplane will immediately taxi into the neutral zone. - Similarly an aeroplane when taking off shall keep as far as possible towards the right of the taking-off zone, but shall keep clear to the left of any aeroplanes which are taking off or about to take off.

45. No aeroplane shall commence to take off until the preceding aeroplane is clear of the aerodrome.

46. The above rules shall apply equally to night landings on aerodromes, when the signals shall be as follows:

c) A red light shall indicate a left-hand circuit, and a green light shall indicate a right-hand circuit. (See paragraph 36). The right-hand zone will be marked by white lights placed in the position of an "L", and the left-hand zone will be similarly marked. The "Ls" shall be back to back, that is to say, the long sides of the "Ls" will indicate the borders of the neutral zone, the direction of landing shall invariably be along the long arm of the "L", and towards the short arm. The lights of the "Ls" should be so placed that the lights indicating the top extremity of the long arm shall be the nearest point on the aerodrome upon which an aeroplane can safely touch ground. The lights indicating the short arm of the "L" should indicate the limit of safe landing ground for the aeroplanes, that is, that the aeroplane should not over-run the short arm. (See diagram A.)

b) Where it is desired to save lights and personnel the following system may be used Two lights shall be placed on the windward side of the aerodrome to mark the limits of the neutral zone mentioned in paragraph 44, the line joining the lights being at right angles to the direction of the wind. Two more lights shall be placed as follows: one on the leeward side of the aerodrome on the line drawn parallel to the direction of the wind and passing midway between the two lights on the windward side, to show the extent of the aerodrome and the direction of the wind, and the other shall be placed midway between the two lights marking the limits of the neutral zone (See diagram B).

Additional lights may be symmetrically put along the boundary lines of the neutral zone and on the ends of the taking-off and landing zones on the line through the three lights on the windward side.

47. No fixed balloon, kite, or moored airship has be elevated in the vicinity of any aerodrome without a special authorisation, except in the cases provided for m paragraph 20.

48. Suitable markings shall be placed on all fixed obstacles dangerous to flying within a zone of 500 metres of all aerodromes.

SECTION VI.

GENERAL.

49. Every aircraft manoeuvring under its own power on the water shall conform to the Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, and for the purposes of these regulations shall be deemed to be a steam-vessel, but shall carry the lights specified in the preceding rules, and not those specified for steam-vessels in the Regulations, for Preventing Collisions at Sea, and shall not use, except as specified in paragraphs 17 and 20 above, or be deemed to hear the sound signals specified in the above mentioned Regulations.

50. Nothing in these rules shall exonerate any aircraft, or the owner, pilot or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper lookout, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of the air, or by the special circumstances of the case.

51. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rule or rules duly made and published relative to navigation of aircraft in the immediate vicinity of any aerodrome or other place, and it shall be obligatory on all owners, pilots, or crews of aircraft to obey such rules.